What is Hypertension? Causes, Types, Prevention & Health Awareness
What is Hypertension?
Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a chronic condition where the force of blood against artery walls is too high. Over time, untreated hypertension can lead to severe health complications, including heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure. Since hypertension often shows no symptoms, it is referred to as a "silent killer."
Causes of Hypertension
Several factors contribute to high blood pressure, including:
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Genetics: Family history increases risk.
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Unhealthy Diet: High intake of salt, fat, and processed foods.
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Obesity: Excess weight puts extra strain on the heart.
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Lack of Exercise: A sedentary lifestyle weakens blood vessels.
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Smoking & Alcohol: Damages blood vessels and raises blood pressure.
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Chronic Stress: Triggers hormone imbalances that increase BP.
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Underlying Conditions: Diabetes, kidney disease, and hormonal disorders can contribute to hypertension.
Types of Hypertension
1. Primary Hypertension (Essential Hypertension)
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The most common type, develops over time due to lifestyle and genetic factors.
2. Secondary Hypertension
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Caused by underlying health issues such as kidney disease, thyroid disorders, or certain medications.
3. Isolated Systolic Hypertension
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Common in older adults; occurs when only the systolic pressure is elevated.
How to Prevent Hypertension
Taking proactive measures can help prevent or manage high blood pressure:
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Adopt a Healthy Diet: Reduce salt, processed foods, and unhealthy fats. Eat potassium-rich foods like bananas, spinach, and sweet potatoes.
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Stay Physically Active: Engage in 30 minutes of moderate exercise daily.
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Manage Weight: Losing even 5-10% of body weight can significantly lower BP.
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Limit Alcohol & Quit Smoking: These habits raise blood pressure levels.
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Reduce Stress: Practice yoga, meditation, or deep breathing exercises.
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Monitor Blood Pressure Regularly: Early detection prevents complications.
Why You Should Be Cautious About Hypertension
Ignoring high blood pressure can lead to severe health risks, including:
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Heart Disease & Heart Attacks – Increased workload on the heart.
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Stroke – High BP weakens blood vessels in the brain.
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Kidney Damage – Hypertension is a leading cause of kidney failure.
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Vision Loss – Can damage the blood vessels in the eyes.
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Memory Problems – Linked to cognitive decline and dementia.
Regular check-ups, a healthy lifestyle, and stress management can prevent life-threatening complications.
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