Actinic Keratosis (Solar Keratosis)
Definition: Actinic keratosis is a rough, scaly patch on the skin caused by long-term sun exposure. It’s considered precancerous, as it can evolve into squamous cell carcinoma.
Cause: Cumulative UV radiation damages the DNA in skin cells, leading to abnormal growth.
Types:
- Hyperkeratotic actinic keratosis: Thicker, rougher lesions.
- Atrophic actinic keratosis: Thinner, flat, and red lesions.
Protection Before the Cause: - Limit sun exposure, especially for individuals with fair skin or a history of extensive sun exposure.
- Use sunscreen regularly and wear protective clothing.
- Avoid tanning beds, which emit harmful UV radiation.
Cure After the Cause: - Cryotherapy (freezing the lesion) is the most common treatment.
- Topical treatments like 5-fluorouracil and imiquimod cream can destroy abnormal cells.
- Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses light-sensitive medication and a special light to target and destroy damaged skin cells.
Conclusion: Early detection and treatment of actinic keratosis are critical to prevent the development of skin cancer.