Melasma (Chloasma)
Definition: Melasma is a condition that causes brown or gray-brown patches on the face, often triggered or worsened by sun exposure.
Cause: Sun exposure, hormonal changes (e.g., pregnancy, birth control), and genetic predisposition.
Types:
- Epidermal melasma: Dark brown with well-defined borders.
- Dermal melasma: Light brown or bluish-gray with blurry borders.
Protection Before the Cause: - Use broad-spectrum sunscreen with high SPF, and reapply frequently.
- Wear wide-brimmed hats and sunglasses to shield the face from direct sunlight.
- Avoid sun exposure during peak hours.
Cure After the Cause: - Topical treatments like hydroquinone, tretinoin, and corticosteroids to lighten pigmentation.
- Chemical peels and laser therapy can reduce dark patches.
- Avoid triggers like sun exposure and hormonal medications.
Conclusion: Although melasma is challenging to treat, consistent sun protection and specialized treatments can help manage the condition.